An overview of medicinal mushrooms

Turkey tail contains two important types of polysaccharides called polysaccharide peptide (PSP) and polysaccharide krestin (PSK). PSP and PSK are both primarily made of beta-glucans.

PSP and PSK are immunomodulators, with a mixture of in-vivo, in vitro, and clinical trials indicating antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects. It can increase the cell wall secretion and expression of cytokines, which are proteins that affect the behavior of the immune system. In other words, they regulate immune response to disease, which can have beneficial effects in the treatment of cancer.

Known as the “Mushroom of Immortality,” Reishi has been historically used to promote relaxation and support the immune system. A variety of studies and clinical trials have explored the hypnotic, or tranquilizing, effects of Reishi extract in humans, suggesting its potential in promoting sleep and relaxation. More recent studies have also shown that extracts from the Reishi mushroom can help the body better respond to stress.

Lion’s Mane is most known for it’s erinacines, a group of diterpenoids (a type of terpene), and hericenones. These compounds have demonstrated neurotropic and neuroprotective effects, as they can easily pass through the blood-brain barrier. Both erinacines and hericenones have induced nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition to these neurotropic effects, Lion’s Mane exhibits antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, immunostimulant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, and antihyperglycemic properties. However, its mostly used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairment.

Chaga, like all mushrooms, has polysaccharides in it’s cell walls. These polysaccharides come with purported antitumor properties, immunomodulatory properties, and benefits to gut health. Other polysaccharides found in Chaga have been reported to reduce glucose, triglycerides, fatty acids, and cholesterol levels in blood. Chaga is also packed full of antioxidants, produces triterpenoids, and has betulinic acid, which led to it’s associated anti-inflamatory effects.

Cordyceps produces Cordycepin, a bioactive compound that comes with a host of reported benefits that include immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory properties, increased energy, stamina, and endurance.